Can condoms cause yeast infections? Separating myths from facts

Condoms are a great contraceptive tool that allows people to enjoy sex while minimising the risks of sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies.

However, there are a lot of misconceptions out there about condoms, how they can be used, and what risks using them can entail.

Specifically, we often hear causes for concern around condoms causing yeast infections.

In this article, we’ll examine the possible link and arm you with information to make informed choices about your sexual health.

Your sexual health is important. Protect it.

Exploring the link between condom use and yeast infections

Let’s be clear – condoms don’t cause yeast infections.

In fact, condoms can act as a barrier to lower the risk of contracting vaginal infections, including yeast infections, by preventing the spread of fungi and bacteria. These micrroorganisms don’t produce yeast infections just because you caught them – something else would have to happen that upsets the natural balance, and we’ll explain that later.

Sexual activities, with or without condom use, can introduce new bacteria and fungi to the vagina, which can overwhelm your natural protective bacteria and sometimes trigger yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis . Moreover, certain ingredients in condoms and lubricants may cause irritation in some individuals, creating a misconception that condoms cause yeast infections.

Understanding what causes yeast infections

Yeast live happily in the vagina, and are part of being a normal human being, vaginal yeast infections result from an overgrowth of yeast, which is caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina whose normal job is to keep the yeast under control. Candida albicans, a type of fungus, is the primary culprit behind most yeast infections. They can also be caused by certain external triggers, such as:

• Hormonal changes like increased oestrogen
• Mental, emotional, and physical stress
• A weakened immune system
• Certain health conditions like diabetes
• Taking antibiotics

Can latex condoms trigger a yeast infection?

While allergies to latex are relatively rare, those who are sensitive may experience symptoms such as itching and burning, which resemble signs of a yeast infection.

However, these reactions usually do not include the other yeast infection symptoms, like unusual discharge. Vaginal itching can also result from contact dermatitis due to allergic reactions to other substances like vaginal lubricants, spermicides, or laundry detergents.

Lubricants and yeast infections: is there a connection?

Certain lubricants contain ingredients like glycerine and sugar derivatives that can disrupt the vaginal microbiome and potentially lead to yeast infections. If you suspect that a lubricant is contributing to a yeast infection, stop using it and consider switching to a different product to avoid further irritation.

Using pH-balanced lubricants that are free from perfumes or flavours can help maintain the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina.

Choosing the right condoms

Selecting appropriate condoms is an important step. Here are some options to consider:

• Spermicidal condoms may contribute to yeast infections as nonoxynol-9, a common spermicide, has been linked to yeast infections.
• Non-latex condoms, such as those made from polyisoprene or polyurethane, provide options for individuals with latex allergies, offering fewer irritation issues and similar protection as latex condoms.
• Choose brands that offer condoms free of irritating chemicals like parabens, glycerine, and spermicide.

Using condoms without potentially irritating ingredients can contribute to better sexual hygiene and a lower risk of yeast infections.

What are the symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection?

The symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection can include:

• Itching and irritation in the vaginal area
• Cottage cheese-like discharge
• Soreness, redness, and swelling of the vulva and a vaginal wall
• Pain or a burning sensation during intercourse or while urinating

Differentiating between yeast infections and sexually transmitted infections

Differentiating between yeast infections and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Some STIs that cause similar symptoms to a yeast infection include:

• Chlamydia
• Gonorrhoea
• Trichomonas
• Gardnerella

Yeast infection symptoms like changes in your vaginal secretion can be confused with STI symptoms, where redness and itching are not common symptoms of STIs. However., any doubts will be resolved by getting tested.

Get tested for a yeast infection with Better2Know’s Urine for Microscopy and Culture Home Test. This test will identify the presence of yeast or harmful bacteria in the urine, which may be the cause of a urinary tract infection (UTI).

Preventing yeast infections: tips and best practices

Preventing yeast infections is essential for promoting optimal sexual health. Following suitable self-care methods and avoiding irritants can help stave off these infections.

Maintaining the natural balance

Preserving a healthy vaginal environment is key to preventing yeast infections. A healthy vaginal pH between 3.8 and 4.2, which is slightly acidic, will help prevent both bacterial and fungal infections. Before menstruation and after menopause, vaginal pH can rise to 4.5 or higher.

To preserve the vagina’s natural acidity, you should:

• Avoid douching
• Change tampons regularly
• Not use scented feminine products

Incorporating probiotic-rich foods into your diet can also enhance the balance of beneficial bacteria to prevent yeast overgrowth. Having a healthy gut flora will cause the vaginal flora to improve. Limiting sugar intake is important as high levels of blood sugar can fuel the growth of yeast, leading to potential overgrowth and infection.

Sexual hygiene and yeast infection prevention

Practising proper sexual hygiene routines after sexual activity can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing yeast infections. Here are some tips to follow:

1. Shower before and after sex to maintain overall cleanliness and prevent infections, but avoid harsh soaps that can disrupt the natural balance
2. Avoid vaginal douching, as it can harm the vaginal flora

By following these practices, you can help prevent yeast infections and maintain good sexual health.

Addressing recurring yeast infections

Persistent yeast infections can be distressing and can significantly impact your quality of life. Recurrent yeast infections occur when you experience four or more infections in a year.

Identifying underlying causes

There can be many causes for recurrent yeast infections.

• Compromised immune systems, including those weakened by HIV or medications such as steroids, chemotherapy, or post-organ transplant drugs can increase the risk for recurrent yeast infections. Stress will also reduce your immune system.
• Hormonal changes, especially increased oestrogen levels, which can occur during pregnancy or from using hormonal contraceptives or oestrogen therapy, can create conditions that are conducive to yeast infections
• Maintaining proper glycaemic control in diabetes can be crucial for preventing yeast infections, as poor control can predispose individuals to vulvovaginal candidiasis
• Antibiotics should be used only if directed by a doctor to prevent the eradication of beneficial bacteria in the vagina, which, when diminished, can lead to an environment that favours yeast overgrowth
• Get your partner involved as sometimes both of you will require treatment to reduce the yeasts circulating between you.
• Insufficient treatment can mean that the yeast never gets completely under control. Your doctor can advise you about this.

Long-term management strategies

Adopting long-term management strategies is essential in preventing recurring yeast infections.

Some people may need to have multiple doses of oral anti-fungal medication, but this should be avoided if at all possible.

Maintenance therapy post-treatment helps clear the infection and lowers the likelihood of its return. Probiotic supplements promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and support a healthy vaginal pH, aiding in long-term yeast infection management.

Final thoughts

While condoms and lubricants can cause irritation in some individuals, they do not directly cause yeast infections. Instead, yeast infections occur due to an overgrowth of yeast resulting from an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. Choosing the right condoms and lubricants, maintaining a healthy vaginal environment, practicing proper sexual hygiene, and seeking medical advice when necessary are all crucial steps in preventing and treating yeast infections.

If you’re concerned about yeast infections or UTIs and want to get tested at a sexual health clinic, click the button below to find a clinic near you. You can also call the number at the top of this page to speak to our Patient Services team about your symptoms.

This article has been medically reviewed by Dr. Steve Chapman, 02/10/2025.

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